One logical error that frequently comes up in discussions regarding Natural Family Planning (NFP) and artificial contraception is this idea that because both methods achieve the same result, they are equal in their moral evaluation. This can be best summarized as:
The moral value of two actions is equivalent so long as the outcomes are the same.As a technical matter I am not sure of the specific type of philosophy this is. It can be argued this is a form of consequentialism (a action's moral weight is dictated solely by its results) but to me this is incorrect due to the idea of the comparison. The actions' moral value is not stated. The only thing the principle states is that the actions are equivalent if the outcomes are the same.
The argument in question goes something like this:
If NFP is used to prevent having children, and artificial contraception does the same, why not use artificial contraception? The two accomplish the same thing.To examine the error, let us consider another example. Suppose I wish to earn $100. Of the top of my head I have three choices:
- I can beg in the street until I have enough money.
- I can get a job to earn the money.
- I can shoot and rob people until I get the money.
Clearly these methods to obtain the $100 are not morally equivalent. Yet this is exactly the argument used by those who attempt to draw a comparison between contraception and NFP.
This is not to defend the validity of NFP. But it points to one of the major mistakes that people make when discussing the topic. I suspect it comes from our society's utilitarian viewpoint that creeps in on a regular basis. Nevertheless it is a fallacy to equate methods with the outcome of those methods.